Judaism - Wikipedia. This article is about the Jewish religion. For consideration of ethnic, historic and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity, see Jews. Judaism (from Latin: Iudaismus, derived from Greek. The Invention of the Jewish People (Hebrew: ? The Invention of the Jewish People Shlomo Sand Translated by Yael Lotan VERSO London The Jew Media Octopus: (TV Broadcast/Film Ownership and Management) FULL JEW: Both parents or just mother Jewish. HALF JEW: Father Jewish, mother non-Jewish, or what. It encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Within Judaism there are a variety of movements, most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism, which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. Modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to Jewish law, the authority of the Rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more . Free Science PowerPoint Templates. Get ready to wow the class with free science PowerPoint backgrounds. Slides give you ample space and preselected fonts to write. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Largest Distributor of Jewish and Hebrew Software for Study, Education, Gifts. Hebrew-English Word Processors Keyboards Dictionaries, Bible and Codes Software, Learn. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. In 2. 01. 5, the world Jewish population was estimated at about 1. Such things as one's daily sustenance, the very day itself, are felt as manifestations of God's loving- kindness, calling for the Berakhot. Kedushah, holiness, which is nothing else than the imitation of God, is concerned with daily conduct, with being gracious and merciful, with keeping oneself from defilement by idolatry, adultery, and the shedding of blood. The Birkat Ha- Mitzwot evokes the consciousness of holiness at a rabbinic rite, but the objects employed in the majority of these rites are non- holy and of general character, while the several holy objects are non- theurgic. And not only do ordinary things and occurrences bring with them the experience of God. Everything that happens to a man evokes that experience, evil as well as good, for a Berakah is said also at evil tidings. Hence, although the experience of God is like none other, the occasions for experiencing Him, for having a consciousness of Him, are manifold, even if we consider only those that call for Berakot. However, monotheism has not always been followed in practice. The Jewish Bible (Tanakh) records and repeatedly condemns the widespread worship of other gods in ancient Israel. According to Maimonides, any Jew who rejects even one of these principles would be considered an apostate and a heretic. Albo and the Raavad argued that Maimonides' principles contained too many items that, while true, were not fundamentals of the faith. Along these lines, the ancient historian Josephus emphasized practices and observances rather than religious beliefs, associating apostasy with a failure to observe Jewish law and maintaining that the requirements for conversion to Judaism included circumcision and adherence to traditional customs. Maimonides' principles were largely ignored over the next few centuries. Judaism also universally recognizes the Biblical Covenant between God and the Patriarch. Abraham as well as the additional aspects of the Covenant revealed to Moses, who is considered Judaism's greatest prophet. Even if to restrict the problem to the most influential intellectual trends of the nineteenth and twentieth century, the matter remains complicated. Thus for instance, Joseph Soloveitchik's (associated with the Modern Orthodox movement) answer to modernity is constituted upon the identification of Judaism with following the halakha whereas its ultimate goal is to bring the holiness down to the world. Mordecai Kaplan, the founder of the Reconstructionist Judaism, abandons the idea of religion for the sake of identifying Judaism with civilization and by means of the latter term and secular translation of the core ideas, he tries to embrace as many Jewish denominations as possible. In turn, Solomon Schechter's Conservative Judaism was identical with the tradition understood as the interpretation of Torah, in itself being the history of the constant updates and adjustment of the Law performed by means of the creative interpretation. Finally, David Philipson draws the outlines of the Reform movement in Judaism by opposing it to the strict and traditional rabbinical approach and thus comes to the conclusions similar to that of the Conservative movement. Many of these have advanced search options available. Jewish legal literature. The basis of Jewish law and tradition (halakha) is the Torah (also known as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses). According to rabbinic tradition, there are 6. Torah. Some of these laws are directed only to men or to women, some only to the ancient priestly groups, the Kohanim and Leviyim (members of the tribe of Levi), some only to farmers within the Land of Israel. Many laws were only applicable when the Temple in Jerusalem existed, and only 3. These oral traditions were transmitted by the Pharisee school of thought of ancient Judaism, and were later recorded in written form and expanded upon by the rabbis. According to Rabbinical Jewish tradition, God gave both the Written Law (the Torah) and the Oral law to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Oral law is the oral tradition as relayed by God to Moses and from him, transmitted and taught to the sages (rabbinic leaders) of each subsequent generation. For centuries, the Torah appeared only as a written text transmitted in parallel with the oral tradition. Fearing that the oral teachings might be forgotten, Rabbi Judah ha. Nasi undertook the mission of consolidating the various opinions into one body of law which became known as the Mishnah. According to Abraham ben David, the Mishnah was compiled by Rabbi Judah ha. Nasi after the destruction of Jerusalem, in anno mundi 3. CE. The commentaries from each of these communities were eventually compiled into the two Talmuds, the Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi) and the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli). These have been further expounded by commentaries of various Torah scholars during the ages. In the text of the Torah, many words are left undefined and many procedures are mentioned without explanation or instructions. Such phenomena are sometimes offered to validate the viewpoint that the Written Law has always been transmitted with a parallel oral tradition, illustrating the assumption that the reader is already familiar with the details from other, i. The Halakha has developed slowly, through a precedent- based system. The literature of questions to rabbis, and their considered answers, is referred to as responsa (in Hebrew, Sheelot U- Teshuvot.) Over time, as practices develop, codes of Jewish law are written that are based on the responsa; the most important code, the Shulchan Aruch, largely determines Orthodox religious practice today. Jewish philosophy. Jewish philosophy refers to the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. Major Jewish philosophers include Solomon ibn Gabirol, Saadia Gaon, Judah Halevi, Maimonides, and Gersonides. Major changes occurred in response to the Enlightenment (late 1. Enlightenment Jewish philosophers. Modern Jewish philosophy consists of both Orthodox and non- Orthodox oriented philosophy. Notable among Orthodox Jewish philosophers are Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler, Joseph B. Soloveitchik, and Yitzchok Hutner. Well- known non- Orthodox Jewish philosophers include Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Mordecai Kaplan, Abraham Joshua Heschel, Will Herberg, and Emmanuel L. The study of Torah (in its widest sense, to include both poetry, narrative, and law, and both the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud) is in Judaism itself a sacred act of central importance. For the sages of the Mishnah and Talmud, and for their successors today, the study of Torah was therefore not merely a means to learn the contents of God's revelation, but an end in itself. According to the Talmud,These are the things for which a person enjoys the dividends in this world while the principal remains for the person to enjoy in the world to come; they are: honoring parents, loving deeds of kindness, and making peace between one person and another. But the study of the Torah is equal to them all. It is a most serious and substantive effort to locate in trivialities the fundamental principles of the revealed will of God to guide and sanctify the most specific and concrete actions in the workaday world .. Here is the mystery of Talmudic Judaism: the alien and remote conviction that the intellect is an instrument not of unbelief and desacralization but of sanctification. According to David Stern, all Rabbinic hermeneutics rest on two basic axioms: first, the belief in the omnisignificance of Scripture, in the meaningfulness of its every word, letter, even (according to one famous report) scribal flourish; second, the claim of the essential unity of Scripture as the expression of the single divine will. According to the Talmud,A single verse has several meanings, but no two verses hold the same meaning. It was taught in the school of R. Ishmael: 'Behold, My word is like fire—declares the Lord—and like a hammer that shatters rock' (Jer 2. Just as this hammer produces many sparks (when it strikes the rock), so a single verse has several meanings. When different rabbis forwarded conflicting interpretations, they sometimes appealed to hermeneutic principles to legitimize their arguments; some rabbis claim that these principles were themselves revealed by God to Moses at Sinai. Ishmael, thirteen (baraita at the beginning of Sifra; this collection is largely an amplification of that of Hillel). Jose ha- Gelili listed 3. Torah. All the hermeneutic rules scattered through the Talmudim and Midrashim have been collected by Malbim in Ayyelet ha- Shachar, the introduction to his commentary on the Sifra. Nevertheless, R. Ishmael's 1. Judaism's earliest, contributions to logic, hermeneutics, and jurisprudence. Ishmael's 1. 3 principles are incorporated into the Jewish prayer book to be read by observant Jews on a daily basis. In the context of the age and period it meant . A Jewish Police State Is Coming. A Jewish Police State Is Coming, Jewification Of America Articles. A JEWISH POLICE STATE IS COMINGBy Brother Nathanael Kapner, Copyright 2. Articles May Be Reproduced Only With Authorship of Br Nathanael Kapner& Link To Real Jew News(SM)Please Help Support This Site! Or Send Your Contribution To: Brother Nathanael Kapner; PO Box 5. Priest River ID 8. E- mail: bronathanael@yahoo. THE JEWS WHO RUN the US Department Of Homeland Security now have in their possession police technology imported from the fascist state of Israel. Already, the Talmudic Jew, Michael Chertoff, the head of the DHS, has made a secret deal with Israel disguised as the “Maryland/Israel Homeland Security Partnership” which will be used against Americans who are sick & tired of the Jewish cabal here in America. On March 2. 3 2. 00. Canada and Israel signed a Declaration To Cooperate On Public Safety (translate: Declaration To Cooperate On A Police State). This Declaration will include collaboration with the US Department of Homeland Security now working with Canada concerning “security issues” with respect to the pending NAFTA Super Highway. Over 2. 0 US States to date have signed formal agreements with Israel to utilize Israeli police technology. Here Are The Jews Of US Homeland Security Who Will Police Americans: Michael Chertoff: This Jew is the Secretary of US Homeland Security. Chertoff is a Talmudic Jew who looks upon Gentiles as sub- humans. A dual citizen of Israel & the US, Chertoff has a primary loyalty to Israel since Jews serve their own interests before those of their host nation. Paul A. Schneider: This Jew is the Deputy Secretary of US Homeland Security. Fred L. Schwien: This Jew is the Secretary of Operations of US Homeland Security. Jay M. Cohen: This Jew is the Secretary for Technology of US Homeland Security. An array of sensors — video, audio, laser, infrared — feeds a stream of data about you to a central computer. The system interprets your gestures and facial expressions, analyzes your voice and probes your body to determine your temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate — all in an effort to determine whether you are trying to deceive. Fail the test and you’ll be pulled aside for a more aggressive interrogation. This scenario may sound like science fiction but the US Department of Homeland Security is deadly serous about making it a reality by 2. Computer World)JEWS WILL IMPRISON CITIZENSVIA THE MILITARY COMMISSIONS ACTIN THE FINAL HOURS before Congress adjourned in 2. President Bush signed the Military Commissions Act Of 2. In doing so, the Constitution was violated and the principle of habeas corpus which protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment was thrown to the wind. This Military Commissions Act Of 2. President absolute power to designate “enemy combatants.” Section 6 of the Military Commissions Actstrips those declared an “enemy combatant” of the right to be heard in court to establish his or her innocence as guarded by the Constitutional principle of habeas corpus. This Act violates Article I, Section 9, Of The US Constitution: —“The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion.” —Presently, the suspending of habeas corpus will be applied to “non citizens.” But once one class of people is deprived of their rights it’s only a matter of time before other groups are also deprived. Moreover, the Act’s “enemy combatant” designation applies to both Americans & foreigners. Thus by establishing Military Tribunals for “enemy combatants” - the Military Commissions Act puts the US Military in control of American citizens. This Tyrannical Law Has Been Created To Fight That Ever Present Boogey Man: The So- Called War On Terror. And It Is The Anti- Christian Jews Of US Homeland Security. Who Will Imprison Christian- Americans. Critical Of Their Agenda Unless We Stop Them Now!? A JEWISH SPY CARD!” Click Here. CLICK: Brother Nathanael! Street Evangelist! Please Help Support This Site! Or Send Your Contribution To: Brother Nathanael Kapner; PO Box 5. Priest River ID 8. E- mail: bronathanael@yahoo. Brother Nathanael @ May 2.
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